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Medieval Coins Group Home of the Medieval Coins Group
This website is specializing in Medieval European Coins: Crusader coins, East Baltic Medieval Coins, Livonian coins, Lithuanian Medieval Coins, Polish Medieval coins, Coins of Medieval Riga, Russian Hammered Coins.
Livonia:
Livonian Brothers of the Sword 1204-1237
Livonian Crusade 1206-1227
Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights 1224-1237
Livonian Order 1237-1561
Livonian Confederation 1418-1561
Livonian War 1558-1582
Duchy of Livonia 1561-1621
Kingdom of Livonia 1570-1578
Swedish Livonia 1629-1721
Kingdom of Livonia:
The Kingdom of Livonia was a nominally declared state by Ivan IV during the Livonian War. On June 10, 1570 the Danish Duke Magnus of Holstein arrived in Moscow where he was crowned King of Livonia. Magnus took the oath of allegiance to Ivan as his overlord and received from the corresponding charter for the vassal kingdom of Livonia in what Ivan termed his patrimony. The treaty between Magnus and Ivan IV was signed by an oprichnik and by a member of the zemskii administration, the d'iak Vasiliy Shchelkalov. The territories of the new kingdom still had to be conquered. The new king Magnus of Livonia left Moscow with 20,000 Russian soldiers on the conquest of Swedish controlled Reval. Ivan’s hope of the support of Frederick II of Denmark, the older brother of Magnus, failed. By the end of March 1571 Magnus gave up the struggle for Reval and abandoned the siege.
In 1577 having lost Ivan's favor and getting no support from his brother, Magnus called on the Livonian nobility to rally to him in a struggle against foreign occupation. He was attacked by Ivan's forces and taken prisoner. On his release he renounced his royal title. Magnus spent the last six years of his life at the castle of Pilten in the Bishopric of Courland where he died as a pensioner of the Polish crown.
Swedish Livonia:
Sweden was given the same area as the former Duchy of Livonia after the Polish-Swedish War 1626-1629. The area, usually known as Swedish Livonia, became a very important Swedish dominion, with Riga being the second largest Swedish city and Livonia paying for one third of the Swedish war costs. Sweden lost Swedish Livonia, Swedish Estonia and Ingria to Russia almost 100 years later, at the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.
Metal detecting finds found in the UK. Over 200 images with accurate descriptions.
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